Binaxnow covid 19 ag card home test - A trained telehealth professional guides those being tested through the at-home self-test via video call using the BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag Card Home Test and Abbott’s complementary NAVICA mobile app to enable the testing process and display BinaxNOW COVID-19 test results. The BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag Card is a rapid antigen test and both the Food & Drug

 
Lateral flow immunoassay. Sensitivity. 84.6%. Disposable. Yes. Includes. 40 cardboard, book-shaped hinged test cards with test strips, 1 x 7.5 mL extraction reagent bottle with reagent, 40 sterile nasal swabs, 1 positive control swab containing non-infectious recombinant SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antigen, 1 negative control swab, 1 product insert ... . Evanescence tour 2022 canada

Nine diagnostic tests have been granted EUA for at-home use, including 3 molecular tests: Lucira coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) all-in-one test kit, Lucira CHECK-IT COVID-19 test kit, and Cue COVID-19 test for home and over-the-counter (OTC) use; and 6 antigen tests: BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag card home test, BinaxNOW COVID-19 antigen self-test, BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag card 2 home test, QuickVue ...BinaxNOW COVID-19 Antigen Self Test, 1 Pack, 2 Tests Total, COVID Test With 15-Minute Results Without Sending to a Lab, Easy to Use at Home 4.7 out of 5 stars 12,659 40K+ bought in past monthThe 15-minute BinaxNOW™ COVID-19 Ag Card Home Test has received FDA Emergency Use Authorization for at-home testing in collaboration with eMed, a digital health solution. This first-of-its kind service for COVID-19 testing ships tests directly to your home and uses trained, virtual proctors to guide you through the test via video call.For the first few months, you could only purchase Abbott's BinaxNow COVID-19 Home Tests in packs of six through a company called eMed. That option remains available for $150, but another distributor, Optum, has since begun selling the tests individually. Optum is offering one kit for $50, two kits for $70 or three for $100.• Training: Abbott has videos, modules, guidance documents and FAQs for the BinaxNOW™ COVID-19 Ag Cards. i Requests & Distribution • To submit a request for the BinaxNOW™ COVID-19 Ag Card test, complete the Resource Request Form ii. • The Department of Health will distribute tests through UPS to facilities that have beenThe Abbott BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag Card (BinaxNOW) rapid antigen test has lower sensitivity than reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detecting severe acute respiratory ...BinaxNOW COVID-19 Antigen Self Test, 1 Pack, 2 Tests Total, COVID Test With 15-Minute Results Without Sending to a Lab, Easy to Use at Home 4.7 out of 5 stars 12,659 40K+ bought in past month1. Re: Travel to USA on The BinaxNOW™ COVID-19 Ag Card Home Test. It needs to be the telehealth version where someone observes you take the test via video chat and then documents the result. If you get the one you do yourself, you won’t get any documentation to show you passed. 2.hereby revokes EUA210272 for the BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag Card 2 Home Test, pursuant to section 564(g)(2)(C) of the Act. As of the date of this letter, the BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag Card hereby revokes EUA210272 for the BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag Card 2 Home Test, pursuant to section 564(g)(2)(C) of the Act. As of the date of this letter, the BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag Card The BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag Card Home Test is an immunochromatographic membrane assay that uses highly sensitive antibodies to detect SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein from nasal swab specimens.The 15-minute BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag Card Home Test has received FDA Emergency Use Authorization for at-home testing in collaboration with a telehealth session. Abbott has selected eMed, a digital health solution, as its telehealth partner. This service for COVID-19 testing prescribes and allows the test to beOn February 4, 2022, your request was granted to; (1) add use of an additional nitrocellulose membrane option for manufacturing, and (2) minor updates to the BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag CARD Instructions ... BinaxNOW COVID-19 Antigen Rapid Self-Test at Home Kit | Walgreens. Skip to main content. Shop End of Summer Savings event through 8/31. Extra 15% off $25 Sitewide with code FUN15.BinaxNOW COVID-19 Antigen Self Test, 1 Pack, 2 Tests Total ...The go-to for this type of testing is the Abbott BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag Card Home Test. Abbott offers different types of at-home tests, but this one includes eMed Telehealth Service, which means it's proctored by a telehealth professional and meets the requirements for at-home pre-cruise testing.The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has increased the shelf life for one of the most popular at-home COVID-19 test kits. The agency announced that Abbott's BinaxNow COVID-19 Ag Card Home Test is now approved for a 15-month expiration window. This follows a request by the company to provide a longer shelf life for its test, after it reported ...ABBOTT BINAXNOWTM COVID˜19 AG CARD TEST HELPFUL TESTING TIPS This document is a supplement to the manufacturer's instructions and is intended to provide helpful testing tips when using the Abbott BinaxNOW™ COVID-19 Ag Card test.Lot number validation Abbott Diagnostics Scarborough, Inc.: BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag Card Home Test 15-month to 22-month shelf-life extension granted by the FDA on April 10, 2023 Created Date 5/2/2023 2:56:09 PMMar 22, 2023 · Our BinaxNOW Self Test is available over the counter, online and in retail stores including CVS, Walgreens and Walmart. If you're with a hospital, lab or healthcare provider, please see the contact details below. For general questions about BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag Card: https://abbo.tt/2Qk76jp Abbott’s BinaxNOW COVID-19 AG Card Home test (the company’s BinaxNOW antigen self-test, which is available over the counter, is not eligible for travel purposes). Ellume COVID-19 Home Test.The BinaxNOW™ COVID-19 Ag Card Home Test is a lateral flow immunoassay intended for the qualitative detection of nucleocapsid protein antigen from SARS-CoV-2. This test is authorized for prescription home use with self-collected observed direct anterior nasal (nares) swab samples from individuals aged 15 years or older who are suspectedOn February 4, 2022, your request was granted to; (1) add use of an additional nitrocellulose membrane option for manufacturing, and (2) minor updates to the BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag CARD Instructions ...10. Re: BinaxNow COVID Test to Enter UK. I just transited through LHR on Aug. 16th from Croatia I used the Abbott BinaxNow at home self-test (the one that is monitored by a video call). This is approved for the entry to the U.S. and was accepted at Heathrow as well. Aug 14, 2023 · BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag Card Home Test. Extended Expiration Date; People with symptoms that began within the last 7 days. The test is to be performed two times over three days (serial testing). Posted on 11/05/2021. You can access the most information related to Abbott of BinaxNOW tests that have been authorized to have their expiration dates extended by accessing information directly from Abbott’s website. Use the instructions to see the letter and listing of BinaxNOW™ COVID-19 Ag Card lots which qualify for this expiry extension.Cue our sixth COVID-19 test, the BinaxNOW ™ COVID-19 Ag Card rapid antigen test, which has received emergency use authorization (EUA) from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This test offers results in 15 minutes and is available as an aid to diagnose the virus that causes COVID-19. The BinaxNOW test can be displayed on our new ...The BinaxNOW COVID-19 Antigen Self Test will take about 20 minutes to complete. Instructions to perform the test are included inside your test kit box. Additional online resources: - PDF Instructions (English) - PDF Instructions (Spanish) - Video.ABBOTT BINAXNOWTM COVID˜19 AG CARD TEST HELPFUL TESTING TIPS This document is a supplement to the manufacturer's instructions and is intended to provide helpful testing tips when using the Abbott BinaxNOW™ COVID-19 Ag Card test.Mar 22, 2023 · Our BinaxNOW Self Test is available over the counter, online and in retail stores including CVS, Walgreens and Walmart. If you're with a hospital, lab or healthcare provider, please see the contact details below. For general questions about BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag Card: https://abbo.tt/2Qk76jp 16 reviews. 10 helpful votes. 1. Re: Abbott’s BinaxNOW™ COVID-19 Ag At-Home Test with proctor. 1 year ago. Save. I would call the PR health line at 939-592-5115. The woman who answered (quite promptly) told me at hone tests were NOT allowed. However the Binaxnow test with proctor sends you an official email with results, which regular at ...This article is more than 2 years old. Abbott Laboratories said its BinaxNow rapid test for Covid-19 has been cleared by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use at home and will cost $25 ...The BinaxNOW COVID-19 Self Test card is identical to the professional-use test card, used since August 2020, and is the most studied and widely available rapid antigen test and is now available as a Self Test. What is the BinaxNOW™ COVID-19 Ag Card? The Abbott BinaxNOW™ COVID-19 Ag Card is a rapid antigen test in a card format that detects SARS-CoV-2 protein antigens present in a nasal swab specimen. This is a diagnostic test designed for use in individuals suspected of having COVID-19 by their healthcare provider within the first 7 days of ... Hi ctm7944. Thanks for the link. I searched TA prior to posting my question and saw that thread. It doesn't really address my question. The BinaxNOW™ COVID-19 Ag Card Home Test I mention above is proctored by a health professional and is the US equivalent to the EU approved Abbott Panbio COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test - both the US and EU versions upload results to the NAVICA mobile app. Mar 22, 2023 · Our BinaxNOW Self Test is available over the counter, online and in retail stores including CVS, Walgreens and Walmart. If you're with a hospital, lab or healthcare provider, please see the contact details below. For general questions about BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag Card: https://abbo.tt/2Qk76jp • Training: Abbott has videos, modules, guidance documents and FAQs for the BinaxNOW™ COVID-19 Ag Cards. i Requests & Distribution • To submit a request for the BinaxNOW™ COVID-19 Ag Card test, complete the Resource Request Form ii. • The Department of Health will distribute tests through UPS to facilities that have been Abbott's new rapid antigen test — the BinaxNOW ™ COVID-19 Ag Card — has received emergency use authorization (EUA) from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The test pairs with an optional app called NAVICA ™ that works like a secure mobile boarding pass, which can be scanned to facilitate easier entry into organizations and ...The 15-minute BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag Card Home Test has received FDA Emergency Use Authorization for at-home testing in collaboration with a telehealth session. Abbott has selected eMed, a digital health solution, as its telehealth partner. This service for COVID-19 testing prescribes and allows the test to beThe BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag Card is a rapid lateral flow antigen test administered by a healthcare professional or a trained operator. It tests for active infection using a direct nasal swab. It provides a positive or negative result in 15 minutes with no instrument required.Ellume Home Covid Test. Time required: about 45 minutes. Price: $38.99. Availability: Available online at CVS.com The company says it is shipping 100,000 tests a day to the US from Australia and ...BinaxNOW COVID-19 Antigen Rapid Self-Test at Home Kit | Walgreens. Skip to main content. Extra 15% off $25 sitewide with code FUN15. Since the launch of the BinaxNOW™ COVID-19 Ag Card , Abbott has continued testing for product stability to extend the expiration date and have shared these results with the FDA. Testing has been completed to support a shelf -life (expiration date) of up to 9 months. This letter is to notify you the BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag Card product in yourThe 15-minute BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag Card Home Test has received FDA Emergency Use Authorization for at-home testing in collaboration with a telehealth session. Abbott has selected eMed, a digital health solution, as its telehealth partner. This service for COVID-19 testing prescribes and allows the test to be hereby revokes EUA210272 for the BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag Card 2 Home Test, pursuant to section 564(g)(2)(C) of the Act. As of the date of this letter, the BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag Card Rapid antigen tests, such as the Abbott BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag Card (BinaxNOW), offer results more rapidly (approximately 15–30 minutes) and at a lower cost than do highly sensitive nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) (1). Rapid antigen tests have received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for use in ...The BinaxNow $5 COVID-19 test works a lot like a home pregnancy test and can return results in 15 minutes. ... The BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag Card can produce results in 15 minutes that appear directly ...• Training: Abbott has videos, modules, guidance documents and FAQs for the BinaxNOW™ COVID-19 Ag Cards. i Requests & Distribution • To submit a request for the BinaxNOW™ COVID-19 Ag Card test, complete the Resource Request Form ii. • The Department of Health will distribute tests through UPS to facilities that have beenDec 27, 2021 · Abbott’s BinaxNOW COVID-19 AG Card Home test (the company’s BinaxNOW antigen self-test, which is available over the counter, is not eligible for travel purposes). Ellume COVID-19 Home Test. The BinaxNOW Ag Card Home Test, designed for use alongside the NAVICA app, was granted an EUA on December 16 and will be shipped to states starting January 1, 2021.Mar 24, 2023 · 4. Should people who were vaccinated use this test? Testing will remain an essential part of our short- and long-term COVID-19 recovery strategy. The BinaxNOW Self Test will be a key tool alongside vaccination as we get back to life. We don't yet know how long vaccines confer immunity and how variants will evolve. 5. Page 1 of 12 Abbott Diagnostics Scarborough, Inc.: BinaxNOW™ COVID-19 Ag Self Test . 15-month to 22-month shelf-life extension granted by the FDA December 21, 2022Instead of picking up, say, the BinaxNOW COVID-19 Antigen Self-Test at Walgreens, you'll need to buy the BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag Card at-home test from eMed-- for about three times the cost, but with ...The BinaxNOW COVID-19 Antigen Self Test is indicated by the FDA for serial testing, meaning that people should test themselves frequently. The tests should be administered twice over three days with at least 36 hours between the two tests. When combined with vaccines and other public health precautions, frequent testing can help restore a sense ... Dec 3, 2021 · Abbott’s BinaxNOW COVID-19 AG Card Home test (note: the company’s BinaxNOW antigen self test, which is available over the counter, is not eligible for travel purposes). Ellume COVID-19 Home Test. How do at-home tests work? At-home tests are used to detect current infections, but the testing methods vary between brands. The BinaxNOW COVID-19 Antigen Self Test is indicated by the FDA for serial testing, meaning that people should test themselves frequently. The tests should be administered twice over three days with at least 36 hours between the two tests. When combined with vaccines and other public health precautions, frequent testing can help restore a sense ... • Training: Abbott has videos, modules, guidance documents and FAQs for the BinaxNOW™ COVID-19 Ag Cards. i Requests & Distribution • To submit a request for the BinaxNOW™ COVID-19 Ag Card test, complete the Resource Request Form ii. • The Department of Health will distribute tests through UPS to facilities that have beenThe BinaxNOW™ COVID-19 Ag Card Home Test I mention above is proctored by a health professional and is the US equivalent to the EU approved Abbott Panbio COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test - both the US and EU versions upload results to the NAVICA mobile app. I'm wondering if anyone's tested with the US version to enter PT.4. Should people who were vaccinated use this test? Testing will remain an essential part of our short- and long-term COVID-19 recovery strategy. The BinaxNOW Self Test will be a key tool alongside vaccination as we get back to life. We don't yet know how long vaccines confer immunity and how variants will evolve. 5.The BinaxNOW Ag Card Home Test, designed for use alongside the NAVICA app, was granted an EUA on December 16 and will be shipped to states starting January 1, 2021. The BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag Card 2 Home Test is a rapid lateral flow immunoassay for the qualitative detection of SARS -CoV-2 directly from anterior nasal swabs, without viral transport... The BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag Card is a lateral flow immunoassay for the qualitative detection of the nucleocapsid protein antigen to ... If the test is negative but COVID-19-like symptoms, e.g., fever ... The BinaxNOW COVID-19 Self Test card is identical to the professional-use test card, used since August 2020, and is the most studied and widely available rapid antigen test and is now available as a Self Test.Jun 12, 2021 · Nine diagnostic tests have been granted EUA for at-home use, including 3 molecular tests: Lucira coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) all-in-one test kit, Lucira CHECK-IT COVID-19 test kit, and Cue COVID-19 test for home and over-the-counter (OTC) use; and 6 antigen tests: BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag card home test, BinaxNOW COVID-19 antigen self-test, BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag card 2 home test, QuickVue ... Ellume Home Covid Test. Time required: about 45 minutes. Price: $38.99. Availability: Available online at CVS.com The company says it is shipping 100,000 tests a day to the US from Australia and ...BinaxNow Covid-19 Ag Card. Has anyone used or is considering using the BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag Card at home monitored by telehealth COVID test for return to the US. Abbott and United Airlines have partnered to use this CDC and FDA approved for emergency use product. It costs $25 per test but must be purchased at this time in a lot of 6 for $150.Feb 18, 2021 · Initial and confirmatory limits of detection for the BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag card were determined to be equivalent to 4.04 × 10 4 to 8.06 × 10 4 copies/swab. We further confirmed this limit of detection with 72 additional clinical samples positive for SARS-CoV-2 in either phosphate-buffered saline or viral transport medium. 4) Abbott BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag CARD. Performance of antigen tests. Sensitivity and specificity are measures of a test's ability to correctly classify a person as having a disease or not having a disease. Sensitivity refers to a test's ability to designate an individual with disease as positive.Jun 2, 2021 · Walgreens is offering the Abbott BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag Card Home Test, administered by eMed, which meets CDC requirements for travelers returning to the United States from abroad. Aug 14, 2023 · BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag Card Home Test. Extended Expiration Date; People with symptoms that began within the last 7 days. The test is to be performed two times over three days (serial testing). Get the BinaxNOW COVID-19 Antigen Self Test from Walmart for $19.88. Get the On/Go COVID-19 Antigen Self from Walmart for $23.95. Get the Ellume COVID Test from Walmart for $34.99. Target. Get the ...February 25, 2021 13:26. Please visit eMed.com for more information on the BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag Card Home Test, and options for where to buy.BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag CARD HOME TEST KIT Getting Started A.Download the NAVICA app from the Apple App Store or Google Play Store on your smartphone or tablet B.Login or create a NAVICA account – create a managed profile for any children or other dependents you plan to get tested under the “Account and Settings” icon at the top of the screen.53 reviews. 67 helpful votes. 1. Re: Use Abbott BinaxNOW™ COVID-19 Ag Card Home Test to Return. 1 year ago. Save. I almost decided to use the BinaxNOW, but in the end I chose to get a PCR instead due to several reports here on the forum of people who used BinaxNOW, but then encountered officials (airport check in people, etc.) who weren't ...10. Re: BinaxNow COVID Test to Enter UK. I just transited through LHR on Aug. 16th from Croatia I used the Abbott BinaxNow at home self-test (the one that is monitored by a video call). This is approved for the entry to the U.S. and was accepted at Heathrow as well.The BinaxNOW™ COVID-19 Ag Card Home Test is a lateral flow immunoassay intended for the qualitative detection of nucleocapsid protein antigen from SARS-CoV-2. This test is authorized for prescription home use with self-collected observed direct anterior nasal (nares) swab samples from individuals aged 15 years or older who are suspectedThe BinaxNOW™ COVID-19 Antigen Self Test is a lateral flow immunoassay intended for the qualitative detection of nucleocapsid protein antigen from SARS-CoV-2. This test is authorized for non-prescription home use with self-collected anterior nasal (nares) swab samples from individuals aged 15 years or older or adult collected anterior nasal ...The FDA highlighted a study that found that the BinaxNOW COVID-19 test kit was 91.7% accurate at detecting positive cases and 100% reliable at finding negative cases. That being said, the FDA also ...53 reviews. 67 helpful votes. 1. Re: Use Abbott BinaxNOW™ COVID-19 Ag Card Home Test to Return. 1 year ago. Save. I almost decided to use the BinaxNOW, but in the end I chose to get a PCR instead due to several reports here on the forum of people who used BinaxNOW, but then encountered officials (airport check in people, etc.) who weren't ... For the first few months, you could only purchase Abbott's BinaxNow COVID-19 Home Tests in packs of six through a company called eMed. That option remains available for $150, but another distributor, Optum, has since begun selling the tests individually. Optum is offering one kit for $50, two kits for $70 or three for $100.

The BinaxNOW COVID-19 Self Test card is identical to the professional-use test card, used since August 2020, and is the most studied and widely available rapid antigen test and is now available as a Self Test. . Ad4307204fb42f37b9e4580b9a627aca

binaxnow covid 19 ag card home test

The BinaxNOW™ COVID-19 Ag Card Home Test is a lateral flow immunoassay intended for the qualitative detection of nucleocapsid protein antigen from SARS-CoV-2. This test is authorized for prescription home use with self-collected observed direct anterior nasal (nares) swab samples from individuals aged 15 years or older who are suspectedThe BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag Card is a lateral flow immunoassay for the qualitative detection of the nucleocapsid protein antigen to ... If the test is negative but COVID-19-like symptoms, e.g., fever ... Title: BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag Card Home Test - Letter Granting EUA Revision(s) (January 7, 2022) Author: FDA Created Date: 1/10/2022 11:14:33 AMTo start, the BinaxNOW Home Test which can be ordered from eMed through United's Travel-Ready Center when you make your travel plans. The tests will be shipped to you prior to your trip. Next, you need Abbott's NAVICA app installed on your smart phone. The NAVICA app can be found here for Apple IOS and here for Android.The BinaxNOW™ COVID-19 Ag Card Home Test is a lateral flow immunoassay intended for the qualitative detection of nucleocapsid protein antigen from SARS-CoV-2. This test is authorized for prescription home use with self-collected observed direct anterior nasal (nares) swab samples from individuals aged 15 years or older who are suspectedAbbott BinaxNOW™ COVID-19 Ag Card Easy to use 15 min. rapid antigen test for detecting active infections of COVID-19 Supplier: Abbott 195000 Catalog No. BNX195000 $307.00 / Pack of 40 Due to product restrictions, please Sign In to purchase or view availability for this product. Description Specifications Safety and Handling DescriptionJun 12, 2021 · Nine diagnostic tests have been granted EUA for at-home use, including 3 molecular tests: Lucira coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) all-in-one test kit, Lucira CHECK-IT COVID-19 test kit, and Cue COVID-19 test for home and over-the-counter (OTC) use; and 6 antigen tests: BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag card home test, BinaxNOW COVID-19 antigen self-test, BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag card 2 home test, QuickVue ... How do I take the at-home COVID-19 test? Depending on which at-home test kit you choose, you will either collect a saliva sample or nasal swab. The test covered in this article is a nasal swab test. The Abbott BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag Card At-Home Kit is authorized for prescription home use with self-collected observed direct anterior nasal swab ...10. Re: BinaxNow COVID Test to Enter UK. I just transited through LHR on Aug. 16th from Croatia I used the Abbott BinaxNow at home self-test (the one that is monitored by a video call). This is approved for the entry to the U.S. and was accepted at Heathrow as well.Meet the real people making a real difference behind the scenes at Abbott and in lives around the world. These technologies, though small in scale, generate a life-changing impact for millions around the world. We're designing access and affordability into our products to reach one in three people every year by 2030.The Authorization for the BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag Card 2 Home Test is revoked as of February 24, 2022. ADDRESSES: Submit a written request for a single copy of the revocation to the Office of Counterterrorism and Emerging Threats, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Bldg. 1, Rm. 4338, Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002.53 reviews. 67 helpful votes. 1. Re: Use Abbott BinaxNOW™ COVID-19 Ag Card Home Test to Return. 1 year ago. Save. I almost decided to use the BinaxNOW, but in the end I chose to get a PCR instead due to several reports here on the forum of people who used BinaxNOW, but then encountered officials (airport check in people, etc.) who weren't ....

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